Questions on Polarization

1. What is polarization?  What does it mean for light?
2. What is unpolarized light?  How can it be produced?
3. Is sunlight polarized?
4. How is polarized film used to produce polarized light?  How does it work?
5. How much light is transmitted when vertically polarized light shines on a sheet of polaroid film with its transmission axis horizontal?  With it vertical?
6. What is birefringence?  What does the word literally mean?
7. Explain why vertically polarized light that is traveling horizontally cannot scatter in the vertical direction.
8. What is Brewster's angle?
9. Explain why glare from a surface is preferentially polarized horizontally.
10. Why (how) are polaroid sunglasses used to reduce glare?
11. Should the transmission axis of polaroid sunglasses be horizontal or vertical?  Why?